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In effect, in this situation, <command>dpkg</command> behaves as intelligently as possible: if the standard configuration file has not changed between the two versions, it does nothing. If, however, the file has changed, it will try to update this file. Two cases are possible: either the administrator has not touched this configuration file, in which case <command>dpkg</command> automatically installs the new version; or the file has been modified, in which case <command>dpkg</command> asks the administrator which version they wish to use (the old one with modifications, or the new one provided with the package). To assist in making this decision, <command>dpkg</command> offers to display a “<command>diff</command>” that shows the difference between the two versions. If the user chooses to retain the old version, the new one will be stored in the same location in a file with the <filename>.dpkg-dist</filename> suffix. If the user chooses the new version, the old one is retained in a file with the <filename>.dpkg-old</filename> suffix. Another available action consists of momentarily interrupting <command>dpkg</command> to edit the file and attempt to re-instate the relevant modifications (previously identified with <command>diff</command>).
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English Chinese (Traditional) Actions
<primary>file</primary><secondary>configuration file</secondary><seealso><filename>/etc/</filename></seealso>
<primary>套件</primary><secondary>執行檔套件</secondary>
<primary>configuration</primary><secondary>configuration files</secondary><seealso><filename>/etc</filename></seealso>
<primary>套件</primary><secondary>執行檔套件</secondary>
In addition to the maintainer scripts and control data already mentioned in the previous sections, the <filename>control.tar.gz</filename> archive of a Debian package may contain other interesting files.
 
The first, <filename>md5sums</filename>, contains the MD5 checksums for all of the package's files. Its main advantage is that it allows <command>dpkg --verify</command> (which we will study in <xref linkend="sect.dpkg-verify" />) and <command>debsums</command> (from the package of the same name; see <xref linkend="sect.debsums" />) to check if these files have been modified since their installation. Note that when this file doesn't exist, which might be the case for some older packages, <command>dpkg</command> will generate it dynamically at installation time (and store it in the dpkg database just like other control files).
除了稍早提過的維護者腳本與控制資料外，在 Debian 套件內的 <filename>control.tar.gz</filename> 可能包括若干有趣的檔案。首先，<filename>md5sums</filename>，包括套件內所有檔案的 MD5 校驗。它的優點是允許 <command>dpkg --verify</command> (詳情見 <xref linkend="sect.dpkg-verify" />) 檢查該等檔案在安裝後是否被修改。若此檔案不存在，<command>dpkg</command> 將在安裝時動態產生一個 (並且如同其他控制檔案般儲存在 dpkg 資料庫)。
The file <filename>conffiles</filename> lists package files that must be handled as configuration files (see also <citerefentry><refentrytitle>deb-conffiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). Configuration files can be modified by the administrator, and <command>dpkg</command> will try to preserve those changes during a package update.
<filename>conffiles</filename> 列出必須當成組態檔案處理的套件。管理員可修改組態檔案，升級套件時 <command>dpkg</command> 將保留這些變動。
In effect, in this situation, <command>dpkg</command> behaves as intelligently as possible: if the standard configuration file has not changed between the two versions, it does nothing. If, however, the file has changed, it will try to update this file. Two cases are possible: either the administrator has not touched this configuration file, in which case <command>dpkg</command> automatically installs the new version; or the file has been modified, in which case <command>dpkg</command> asks the administrator which version they wish to use (the old one with modifications, or the new one provided with the package). To assist in making this decision, <command>dpkg</command> offers to display a “<command>diff</command>” that shows the difference between the two versions. If the user chooses to retain the old version, the new one will be stored in the same location in a file with the <filename>.dpkg-dist</filename> suffix. If the user chooses the new version, the old one is retained in a file with the <filename>.dpkg-old</filename> suffix. Another available action consists of momentarily interrupting <command>dpkg</command> to edit the file and attempt to re-instate the relevant modifications (previously identified with <command>diff</command>).
實際上，在此情況下，<command>dpkg</command> 儘可能地機靈：若在兩個版本間的標準組態檔並未改變， dpkg 就什麼事也不做。但是，若檔案改變動，就會更新此檔案。有兩種可能：管理員碰觸此組態檔時，由 <command>dpkg</command> 自動安裝新版本；或者被管理員修改過，<command>dpkg</command> 將要求管理員指定安裝的版本 (修訂過的舊版本、或套件提供的新版本)。為了有助於決定，<command>dpkg</command> 提供 “<command>diff</command>” 指令顯示兩個版本的差異。若選擇保留舊版本，新版仍儲存在同個資料夾其後綴檔名為 <filename>.dpkg-dist</filename>。若選擇使用新版本，舊仍儲存在同個資料夾其後綴檔名為 <filename>.dpkg-old</filename>。另一個作為是暫時中斷 <command>dpkg</command> 以編輯檔案並試圖重新安裝相關的修訂 (之前被 <command>diff</command> 驗証的差異)。
<emphasis>GOING FURTHER</emphasis> Force dpkg to ask configuration file questions
<emphasis>進一步</emphasis> 強迫 dpkg 詢問組態檔的問題
<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary><secondary><command>--force-confask</command></secondary>
<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary><secondary>內部運作</secondary>
The <command>--force-confask</command> option requires <command>dpkg</command> to display the questions about the configuration files, even in cases where they would not normally be necessary. Thus, when reinstalling a package with this option, <command>dpkg</command> will ask the questions again for all of the configuration files modified or deleted by the administrator. This is very convenient, especially for reinstalling the original configuration file if it has been deleted and no other copy is available: a normal re-installation won't work, because <command>dpkg</command> considers removal as a form of legitimate modification, and, thus, doesn't install the desired configuration file.
<command>--force-confask</command> 選項要求 <command>dpkg</command> 顯示有關組態檔案的問題，即使不是必要的問題也需顯示。因此，以此選項重新安裝套件時，<command>dpkg</command> 將再詢管理者修改過的組態檔案問題。這種方式極為便利，尤其是重新安裝已經被刪除且無可用複本的原始組態檔：標準的重新安裝無效，因為 <command>dpkg</command> 認為移除為合法的修改，且不會安裝預期的組態檔。
See the sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.questions-conffiles" /> for how to use these options with <literal>APT</literal>.
 
<emphasis>GOING FURTHER</emphasis> Avoiding the configuration file questions
<emphasis>進一步</emphasis> 避免組態檔的問題

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English Chinese (Traditional)
configuration 組態 Debian Handbook
package 軟體包 Debian Handbook

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zh-TW/05_packaging-system.po, string 213